id: migraine-headache
title: "Migraine and headache in menopause"
kind: symptom
summary: "Migraine is described as sensitive to hormonal fluctuation, and the estrogen-withdrawal hypothesis is widely cited to explain changes around menopause; however the supporting evidence remains limited and is constrained by methodologic inconsistencies and variable case definitions."
evidence_strength: limited
status: published
sources:
  - url: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37730536/
    title: "Migraine in menopause (The Journal of Headache and Pain 2023, PMID 37730536)"
    publisher: "The Journal of Headache and Pain"
    date: "2023"
    study_type: "narrative-review"
    note: "Estrogen-withdrawal hypothesis widely cited but evidence limited/methodologically inconsistent."
  - url: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4548761/
    title: "Migraine in menopausal women: a systematic review"
    publisher: "Migraine in menopausal women: a systematic review"
    study_type: "systematic-review"
signals:
  - sig-20260710-migraine-certainty
  - sig-20260710-migraine-mechanism
confidence: medium
first_seen: "2026-07-10"
last_updated: "2026-07-10"
notes: "'Migraine and headache' needs an entities entry (kind: symptom); id not invented. A systematic review exists but underlying evidence is characterised as limited, so evidence_strength held at limited."